The Worldwide Court docket of Justice will start hearings on Monday in a case in opposition to Israel’s occupation of Palestinian territories, barely a month after it issued a sequence of directions to Tel Aviv in a separate case the place it’s accused of genocidal acts within the Gaza Strip.
In a first-of-its-kind case, at the least 52 international locations will current arguments on controversial Israeli insurance policies within the West Financial institution, the Gaza Strip and occupied East Jerusalem. It’s the biggest variety of events to take part in any single ICJ case for the reason that court docket was established in 1945.
Israeli authorities, since 1967, have illegally occupied the West Financial institution and East Jerusalem – a part of Palestine underneath the United Nations-determined division of historic Palestine in 1948 – working a system that restricts the citizenship rights of Palestinians, hampers their free motion and strips them of ancestral lands. Between 1967 and 2005, Israel additionally straight occupied Gaza, and since 2007, has imposed a land, sea and air blockade on the coastal enclave. It decides what meals, water, medicines, gas, development materials and different commodities can go into Gaza, and stops their movement when it desires.
Even because the struggle on Gaza is now in its fifth month, Palestinians within the West Financial institution have come underneath elevated assaults from Israeli forces, with tons of of individuals killed.
In an announcement final week, the ICJ stated oral arguments within the case would final for a couple of week, throughout which all international locations, in addition to three worldwide organisations, are anticipated to state why they help or oppose Israel’s measures. Tel Aviv has declined to current, selecting to submit a written argument as an alternative. A court docket ruling is probably going in a number of months.
![Israeli forces take security measures as Muslims perform Friday prayers on street in Old City](https://www.aljazeera.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/GettyImages-1786741464-1-1708321880.jpg?w=770&resize=770%2C513)
Right here’s all it’s good to know in regards to the case:
Who introduced the case in opposition to Israel?
The case was triggered by a request from the UN Basic Meeting (UNGA) on December 30, 2022, when a majority of members voted to seek the court’s opinion on the authorized penalties of the persevering with Israeli occupation of Palestine. Arab international locations, Russia and China voted in favour of the transfer, whereas Israel, the US, Germany and 24 others voted in opposition to it.
In the course of the Six-Day Warfare in 1967, Israel occupied East Jerusalem and the West Financial institution, which had been previously underneath Jordanian management, and with an Arab-majority inhabitants. Most international locations and the UN nonetheless view occupied East Jerusalem because the capital of a future Palestinian state, and regard Israel’s occupation as unlawful underneath worldwide legislation.
In an extended missive to the ICJ, signed by UN Secretary-Basic Antonio Guterres, the UNGA requested judges to reply questions on how the rights of Palestinans are being affected by the occupation and persevering with makes an attempt to displace them, in addition to what the duties of the UN and its member states had been within the face of these violations.
“What are the authorized penalties … from the continuing violation by Israel of the precise of the Palestinian folks to self-determination, from its extended occupation, settlement and annexation … geared toward altering the demographic composition, character and standing of the Holy Metropolis of Jerusalem, and from its adoption of associated discriminatory laws and measures?” the UNGA missive requested.
The UNGA requested the court docket to reply these questions utilizing a mixture of worldwide humanitarian legal guidelines, in addition to the Constitution of the United Nations and varied UN resolutions. Based on Human Rights Watch, Israel’s insurance policies within the occupied territories quantity to apartheid and persecution, each crimes in opposition to humanity.
The Hague-based court docket hears and adjudicates on issues between states, and it’s the second time it should weigh in on Israel’s unlawful occupation. In 2004, the ICJ dominated that Israel’s ‘barrier wall’ within the West Financial institution that separates many Palestinian households, is prohibited and needs to be dismantled. Nonetheless, Israel rejected the ruling, and has since extended the wall.
What international locations will take part?
The oral hearings will final from Monday, February 19, till Monday, February 26.
A complete of 52 international locations – about 10 a day – will current their arguments to ICJ judges by the week. A majority of them initially voted in favour of the UN choice to strategy the ICJ. Just a few, like Canada, voted in opposition to, whereas Switzerland abstained from the vote.
Authorized groups representing the State of Palestine will kickstart the hearings on Monday. On Tuesday, South African and Canadian groups will probably be among the many audio system. The US, China and Russia will take the ground between Wednesday and Thursday, whereas the Maldives will wrap up the ultimate presentation.
Three multilateral organisations may even make their circumstances within the proceedings: the League of Arab States, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the African Union.
![Israeli forces take measures against Palestinians gathering at Lions' Gate](https://www.aljazeera.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/GettyImages-1814481864-1-1708321869.jpg?w=770&resize=770%2C513)
So that is completely different from South Africa’s ICJ case in opposition to Israel?
It’s. This case is separate from one other ICJ case by South Africa on December 29 that alleges that Israel is committing the crime of genocide in Gaza in its persevering with struggle on the Strip.
In a preliminary ruling in that case, the court docket ordered Israel to stop and punish incitement to genocide, and to offer wanted humanitarian support by February 26.
The case whose hearings begin on Monday, isn’t linked on to the present struggle that Israel is waging on Gaza, although it pertains to most of the considerations of worldwide legislation violation that bind Tel Aviv’s strategy to all Palestinian territories.
What may the court docket’s ruling be?
The ICJ consists of 15 judges from completely different components of the world, elected by the UNGA for nine-year phrases. Justice Nawaf Salam of Lebanon presently leads as president.
Judges will hearken to the intensive shows and publish a written opinion afterwards. It’s unclear when the opinion will probably be launched, however the ICJ’s processes are painstaking and often take time. Some legislation specialists say the opinion may floor earlier than the top of the 12 months.
It’s arduous to foretell what the court docket may opine precisely on this case, and even how the opinion can be worded. The ICJ has dominated in opposition to Israel previously, corresponding to over the West Financial institution wall in 2004, and the current provisional measures ruling in January that many specialists say Israel can solely adhere to by successfully ending its struggle on Gaza.
When it does floor although, the court docket opinion won’t be binding on the Safety Council or Israel, which means they don’t must be enforced. Nonetheless, specialists say an opinion from the ICJ carries heavy weight and will add extra stress on Israel and its staunchest ally, america, to evolve to worldwide legislation.